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Oxford Parliament (1258)
The Oxford Parliament (1258), also known as the "Mad Parliament" and the "First English Parliament", assembled during the reign of Henry III of England. It was established by Simon de Montfort, 6th Earl of Leicester. The parlour or prolocutor (Speaker) was Peter de Montfort under the direction of Simon de Montfort. Simon de Montfort led the Parliament and the entire country of England for 18 months, from 1264 until his death at the Battle of Evesham.
==Background==
King Henry III of England, had agreed with Pope Innocent IV that his son, Edward should become King of Sicily following the death of Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor.〔Carpenter (1996): p. 184〕 The Pope offered to partly fund the efforts to overthrow the Holy Roman Empire forces still in Sicily,〔Weiler (2006): p. 149〕〔Weiler (2006): p. 152〕 but following the Innocent's death and the succession of Pope Alexander IV, issues began to arise. Alexander did not want to fund the ongoing efforts, and should Henry not complete his task then he would be excommunicated.〔 As a result, the King sought further taxation to repay his efforts from Parliament, after selling Edward's lands to William de Valence and existing Royal funds failed to cover the debts owed.〔Trevelyan (1953): p. 98〕
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